AUTO JETS & Their Insurance Quotes

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2009-01-12T18:03:00.000+05:30

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Auto (car) Insurance

2009-01-10T14:23:00.000+05:30

For nice and easy, fast and friendly, clear and simple car insurance - call 0860 10 43 14
What benefits will I get?
· You save up to 25% on your insurance premiums.
· Receive 25% of your premiums after 4 years, or the entire 1st year's premiums - whichever is the lesser - for not making certain claims.
· Manage your policy through phoneline.
· 24-hour assistance in the event of a roadside, home or medical emergency.
· Submit and track your claims online,every time.

Artical About Auto Insurence.

2009-01-10T05:36:00.001+05:30

Vehicle insurance
Auto insurance protects the buyer from losses resulting from traffic accidents.
Vehicle insurance (also known as auto insurance, car insurance, or motor insurance) is insurance purchased for cars, trucks, and other vehicles. Its primary use is to provide protection against losses incurred as a result of traffic accidents and against liability that could be incurred in an accident.

Public policy
In many jurisdictions it is compulsory to have vehicle insurance before using or keeping a motor vehicle on public roads. Most jurisdictions relate insurance to both the car and the driver, however the degree of each varies greatly.
A 1994 study by Jeremy Jackson and Roger Blackman showed, consistent with the risk homeostasis theory, that increased accident costs caused large and significant reductions in accident frequencies.
Australia.
In Victoria, Third Party Personal insurance from the Transport Accident Commission is similarly included, through a levy, in the vehicle registration fee.
In New South Wales, Compulsory Third Party Insurance (commonly known as CTP Insurance) is a mandatory requirement and each individual car must be insured or the vehicle will not be considered legal. Therefore, a motorist cannot drive the vehicle until it is insured. A 'Green Slip,'another name CTP Insurance is commonly known by due to the colour of the pages the form is printed on, must be obtained through one of the seven main insurers in New South Wales.
In Queensland, CTP is a mandatory part of registration for a vehicle. There is choice of insurer but price is government controlled in a tight band.
These state based third party insurance schemes usually cover only personal injury liability. Comprehensive vehicle insurance is sold separately to cover property damage and cover can be for events such as fire, theft, collision and other property damage.
United Kingdom
In 1930, the UK government introduced a law that required every person who used a vehicle on the road to have at least third party personal injury insurance. Today UK law is defined by The Road Traffic Act 1988, which was last modified in 1991. The act requires that motorists either be insured, have a security, or have made a specified deposit (£500,000 as of 1991) with the Accountant General of the Supreme Court, against their liability for injuries to others (including passengers) and for damage to other persons' property resulting from use of a vehicle on a public road or in other public places.
The minimum level of insurance cover commonly available and which satisfies the requirement of the act is called third party only insurance. The level of cover provided by Third party only insurance is basic but does exceed the requirements of the act.
Road Traffic Act Only Insurance is not the same as Third Party Only Insurance and is not often sold. It provides the very minimum cover to satisfy the requirements of the act. For example Road Traffic Act Only Insurance has a limit of £250,000 for damage to third party property and does not cover emergency treatment fees. Third party insurance has a far greater limit for third party property damage and will cover emergency treatment fees.
It is an offence to drive a car, or allow others to drive it, without at least third party insurance whilst on the public highway (or public place Section 143 RTA 1988 as amended 1991); however, no such legislation applies on private land.
Vehicles which are exempted by the act, from the requirement to be covered, include those owned by certain councils and local authorities, national park authorities, education authorities, police authorities, fire authorities, health service bodies and security services.
The insurance certificate or cover note issued by the insurance company constitutes legal evidence that the vehicle specified on the document is insured. The law says that an authorised person, such as the police, may require a driver to produce an insurance certificate for inspection. If the driver cannot show the document immediately on request, then the driver will usually be issued a HORT/1 with seven days, as of midnight of the date of issue, to take a valid insurance certificate (and usually other driving documents as well) to a police station of the driver's choice. Failure to produce an insurance certificate is an offence. The HORT/1 is commonly known - even by the issuing authorities when dealing with the public - as a "Producer".
If a vehicle has been substantially modified, the modifications must be notified to the insurer, otherwise the policy becomes invalid. In the case of a police check finding that the modifications have not been notified to the insurance companies, the driver would be prosecuted for the disclosed offence.
Insurance is more expensive in Northern Ireland than in other parts of the UK.Most motorists in the UK are required to prominently display a vehicle licence (tax disc) on their vehicle when it is kept or driven on public roads. This helps to ensure that most people have adequate insurance on their vehicles because an insurance certificate must be produced when a disc is purchased.
The Motor Insurers Bureau compensates the victims of road accidents caused by uninsured and untraced motorists. It also operates the Motor Insurance Database, which contains details of every insured vehicle in the country.
United States
In the United States, auto insurance covering liability for injuries and property damage done to others is compulsory in most states, though enforcement of the requirement varies from state to state. The state of New Hampshire, for example, does not require motorists to carry liability insurance (the ballpark model), while in Virginia residents must pay the state a $500 annual fee per vehicle if they choose not to buy liability insurance. Penalties for not purchasing auto insurance vary by state, but often involve a substantial fine, license and/or registration suspension or revocation, as well as possible jail time in some states. Usually, the minimum required by law is third party insurance to protect third parties against the financial consequences of loss, damage or injury caused by a vehicle.
Some states, such as North Carolina, require that a driver hold liability insurance before a license can be issued.
Arizona Department of Transportation Research Project Manager John Semmens has recommended that car insurers issue license plates, and that they be held responsible for the full cost of injuries and property damages caused by their licensees under the Disneyland model. Plates would expire at the end of the insurance coverage period, and licensees would need to return their plates to their insurance office to receive a refund on their premiums. Vehicles driving without insurance would thus be easy to spot because they would not have license plates, or the plates would be past the marked expiration date.

Coverage levels
Vehicle insurance can cover some or all of the following items:
The insured party
The insured vehicle
Third parties (car and people)
In some States coverage for injuries to persons riding in the insured vehicle is available without regard to fault in the auto accident (No Fault Auto Insurance)
Different policies specify the circumstances under which each item is covered. For example, a vehicle can be insured against theft, fire damage, or accident damage independently.

Basis of premium charges
Main article: auto insurance risk selection
Depending on the jurisdiction, the insurance premium can be either mandated by the government or determined by the insurance company in accordance to a framework of regulations set by the government. Often, the insurer will have more freedom to set the price on physical damage coverages than on mandatory liability coverages.
When the premium is not mandated by the government, it is usually derived from the calculations of an actuary based on statistical data. The premium can vary depending on many factors that are believed to have an impact on the expected cost of future claims.[8] Those factors can include the car characteristics, the coverage selected (deductible, limit, covered perils), the profile of the driver (age, gender, driving history) and the usage of the car (commute to work or not, predicted annual distance driven).

Gender
Men average more miles driven per year than women do, and consequently have a proportionally higher accident involvement at all ages. Insurance companies cite women's lower accident involvement in keeping the youth surcharge lower for young women drivers than for their male counterparts, but adult rates are generally unisex. Reference to the lower rate for young women as "the women's discount" has caused confusion that was evident in news reports on a recently defeated EC proposal to make it illegal to consider gender in assessing insurance premiums.Ending the discount would have made no difference to most women's premiums

Age
Teenage drivers who have no driving record will have higher car insurance premiums. However, young drivers are often offered discounts if they undertake further driver training on recognised courses, such as the Pass Plus scheme in the UK. In the U.S. many insurers offer a good grade discount to students with a good academic record and resident student discounts to those who live away from home. Generally insurance premiums tend to become lower at the age of 25. Senior drivers are often eligible for retirement discounts reflecting lower average miles driven by this age group.

Marital status
Drivers who are unmarried are often charged higher insurance premiums as opposed to married drivers.

Vehicle classification
Owners of sports cars, muscle cars, some sport utility vehicles, and motorcycles would have higher insurance premiums as opposed to compact cars, midsized cars, or luxury cars. However, in the case of motorcycles, the chance of causing extensive damage to other vehicles is relatively low (as opposed to damage to oneself) and thus liability insurance premiums are often lower.

Distance
Some car insurance plans do not differentiate in regard to how much the car is used. However, methods of differentiation would include:

Reasonable estimation
Several car insurance plans rely on a reasonable estimation of the average annual distance expected to be driven which is provided by the insured. This discount benefits drivers who drive their cars infrequently but has no actuarial value since it is unverified.

Auto insurance in the United States

Coverage available
The consumer may be protected with different coverage types depending on what coverage the insured purchases. Some states require that motorists carry liability insurance coverage to ensure that their drivers can cover the cost of damages to people or property in the event of an automobile accident. Some states, such as Wisconsin, have more flexible “proof of financial responsibility” requirements.
In the United States, liability insurance covers claims against the policy holder and generally, any other operator of the insured vehicles, provided they do not live at the same address as the policy holder, and are not specifically excluded on the policy. In the case of those living at the same address, they must specifically be covered on the policy. Thus it is necessary, for example, when a family member comes of driving age they must be added to the policy. Liability insurance sometimes does not protect the policy holder if they operate any vehicles other than their own. When you drive a vehicle owned by another party, you are covered under that party’s policy. Non-owners policies may be offered that would cover an insured on any vehicle they drive. This coverage is available only to those who do not own their own vehicle and is sometimes required by the government for drivers who have previously been found at fault in an accident. Non-owners policies are also known as Named Operator Policies. The policies are useful for people whose drivers license has been suspended and they have to have insurance for their licensed to be reinstated.
Generally, liability coverage extends when you rent a car. Comprehensive policies ("full coverage") usually also apply to the rental vehicle, although this should be verified beforehand. Full coverage premiums are based on, among other factors, the value of the insured’s vehicle. This coverage, however, cannot apply to rental cars because the insurance company does not want to assume responsibility for a claim greater than the value of the insured’s vehicle, assuming that a rental car may be worth more than the insured’s vehicle. Most rental car companies offer insurance to cover damage to the rental vehicle. These policies may be unnecessary for many customers as credit card companies, such as Visa and MasterCard, now provide supplemental collision damage coverage to rental cars if the transaction is processed using one of their cards. These benefits are restrictive in terms of the types of vehicles covered.

Full coverage
Full coverage is the name commonly referred to as Comprehensive and Collision. Insurers generally do not use this term because it implies broader coverage than actually exists.

Collision
Collision coverage provides coverage for an insured's vehicle that is involved in an accident, subject to a deductible. This coverage is designed to provide payments to repair the damaged vehicle, or payment of the cash value of the vehicle if it is not repairable. Collision coverage is optional, however if you plan on financing a car or taking a car loan, the lender will usually insist you carry collision for the finance term or until your car is paid off. Collision Damage Waiver (CDW) or Loss Damage Waiver (LDW) is the term used by rental car companies for collision coverage.

Comprehensive
Comprehensive (a.k.a. - Other Than Collision) coverage provides coverage, subject to a deductible, for an insured's vehicle that is damaged by incidents that are not considered Collisions. For example, fire, theft (or attempted theft), vandalism, weather, or impacts with animals are types of Comprehensive losses.

Uninsured/underinsured coverage
Underinsured coverage, also known as UM/UIM, provides coverage if an at-fault party either does not have insurance, or does not have enough insurance. In effect, your insurance company pays your medical bills, then would subrogate from the at fault party.
In the United States, the definition of an uninsured/underinsured motorist, and corresponding coverages, are set by state laws.

Loss of use
Loss of use coverage, also known as rental coverage, provides reimbursement for rental expenses associated with having an insured vehicle repaired due to a covered loss.

Personal Property
Personal items in a vehicle that are damaged due to an accident would not be a covered under the auto policy. Any type of property that is not attached to the vehicle should be claimed under a homeowners or renters policy.

Behavior based insurance
The use of non-intrusive load monitoring to detect drunk driving and other risky behaviors has been proposed. [18] A US patent application combining this technology with a usage based insurance product to create a new type of behavior based auto insurance product is currently open for public comment on peer to patent.

Suitable Links For Different Insurence

2009-01-10T05:23:00.001+05:30

Insurance : Holding Companies (For Auto Insurence Quotes)

http://www.accurateautoins.com/otherresources.aspx
http://www.nationwide.com/car-insurance-policy.jsp
http://www.insurance.com/auto.aspx
http://www.smartautoinsure.com/links/compare-auto-insurance
Here are the lists of State College Auto Insurance Agents:

Allstate Insurance Company - Eugene Weller1380
N Atherton St, State College, PA
call: (814) 234-9831

Allstate Insurance Company - Gregory Blaschak
306 S Atherton St, State College, PA
call: (814) 237-5797

Brown, Judi - State Farm Insurance Agent
403 South Allen Street Apt 402, State College, PA
call: (814) 237-4470

Colburn, Judith - AAA Insurance
200 Shiloh Rd, State College, PA
call: (814) 237-0344

Central Insurers Group, Inc
1360 N. Atherton St, State College, PA
call: (814) 234-6667
fax: (814) 234-8517

Nationwide Insurance - Judith E Meyer
925 W College Ave, State College, PA
call: (814) 234-4500

Nationwide Insurance - David Byron
102 Village Dr, State College, PA
call: (814) 237-5192

Nationwide Insurance - Michael Karstetter
102 Village Dr, State College, PA
call: (814) 238-6038

Prudential First Choice Realty
2214 N Atherton Street, State College, PA
call: (814) 231-2214

Weller, Gene - Weller Insurance Incorporated
1380 N Atherton St, State College, PA
call: (814) 234-9831

Nationwide Insurance - J Hollinger
620 Devonshire Dr, State College, PA
call: (814) 237-1227

Shetler, Lucinda - Shetler Agency
306 S Atherton St, State College, PA
call: (814) 237-5797

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Good Health Worldwide

2009-01-10T05:22:00.000+05:30

International medical insurance for expatriates

Goodhealth is a specialist provider of international health insurance for expatriates. We offer a full range of worldwide health insurance plans and whether you are looking for individual, family, group or company cover, we have an international medical insurance plan to suit your requirements. Goodhealth makes sure you have access to the finest medical facilities worldwide, enabling you to obtain the best possible treatment whenever and wherever you need it.
As experienced specialists in international health insurance, we understand that, living abroad; expatriates require comprehensive worldwide medical insurance. Our international travel medical insurance plans ensure you are not faced with large medical bills, and provide a valuable range of additional international healthcare services.

Click here for an instant expatriate worldwide health insurance quote.

International travel health insurance and international assistance
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Whichever healthcare plan you select from Goodhealth, you will benefit from access to our network of medical facilities worldwide.

We have regional offices in London, Dubai, Hong Kong, Miami, Shanghai and Jakarta, with staff speaking several languages. They deliver expert advice and provide an enhanced local policy administration and claims support service using their extensive international medical knowledge

Our emergency evacuation benefit ensures that if the required treatment is not available at the place of incident you will be immediately transported to an appropriate facility.

Our online Global Health Data Bank enables you to search for medical and health resources worldwide through access to a comprehensive directory of international medical and hospital facilities.

An international health insurance policy from Goodhealth gives the expatriate total peace of mind through comprehensive medical expenses cover and a wide range of additional supporting services.

International private medical insurance for expatriates
around the world.

Contact Goodhealth Worldwide now for a comprehensive range of individual, family, group or company international medical insurance plans. Free quotes may be obtained by clicking the link below or you can call one of our experienced consultants. Wherever you are located overseas, we are able to provide a local service and speedy claims settlement backed by a wealth of global healthcare knowledge.

Click here to find out more about our international healthcare insurance products or request an instant insurance quote.
Goodhealth Worldwide will provide factual information on a product's features and benefits to allow you to decide whether it is suitable for your needs. We will not provide an opinion or recommendation on its suitability for you.

Global Health Databank

2009-01-10T05:21:00.000+05:30

Goodhealth clients get privileged access to our Global Health Databank. Wherever you are in the world, whatever your health requirements, the Databank is your first port of call. You can use it to find a local doctor or clinic, to find translations for drugs overseas or just about any other health resource you may need.

Just click on the appropriate link from the list below. First time users will need to register with their Goodhealth policy number.

Pre-Certification Medical Form
Fill out our pre-certification form.

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To request direct settlement for planned treatment at a Partner Facility, Members must contact Goodhealth at least 2 business days prior to treatment to request pre-authorization and co-ordination of the direct settlement with the Facility. If you choose to seek treatment at a Goodhealth Partner Facility without notifying Goodhealth in advance, the Facility will expect payment in full at the time of service.

Direct Settlement FAQs

City Health® Profiles.
Critical health information for nearly 300 commonly
visited cities, including notable hospitals and clinics.

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World class security briefings from ASI Group for nearly 300 commonly visited cities.

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Access to the latest security and health news, and an archive searchable by key words.

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Clear communication is a crucial part of high quality healthcare. Make sure you are understood in any of the ten most widely spoken languages.

Healthy Travel
Whether your goal is to avoid jet lag or prepare for a safe overseas work assignment, these travel health articles can help.

Best Links For Insurance Quotes

2009-01-10T05:17:00.004+05:30

www.thatchline.com/thatched_insurance.htm
Thatch Insurance Quotes

www.english-heritage.org.uk
English Heritage - for information on the conservation of historic buildings, including available grants.

www.fundsforhistoricbuildings.org.uk
Funds for Historic Buildings - for information on the availability of grants for renovation.

www.nace.org.uk
National Association of Chimney Engineers - for information on maintenance and chimney linings.

www.chimneyworks.co.uk
National Association of Chimney Sweeps - for help on finding a sweep in your area.

www.niceic.org.uk
The National Inspection Council for Electrical Installation Contracting - for help on contacting an electrician and undertaking safety checks.

www.nsmtltd.co.uk
The National Society of Master Thatchers Ltd - for help in finding a thatcher in your area.

www.spab.org.uk
The Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings - for information about the renovation and restoration of historic buildings.

www.essex-fire.gov.uk/pages/index.asp?area=23
For information about fire protection in thatch, with images provided by Playle-Russell.

www.eamta.co.uk
For information on thatching materials, repairs and maintenance, with a specific focus on the East Anglia area.

www.met.police.uk/crimeprevention/index.htm
Metropolitan Police - for information on the identification of stolen antiques and security information on standard door and window locks.

www.dorset-technical-committee.org.uk/reports/report1.asp
For information on the Dorset Model

www.museum-security.org/collectors-or-criminals.htm
For information on art valuation and restoration, including an archived article by Richard Playle.

International medical insurance for expatriates

2009-01-09T17:34:00.000+05:30

Good health is a specialist provider of international health insurance for expatriates. We offer a full range of worldwide health insurance plans and whether you are looking for individual, family, group or company cover, we have an international medical insurance plan to suit your requirements. Good health makes sure you have access to the finest medical facilities worldwide, enabling you to obtain the best possible treatment whenever and wherever you need it.
As experienced specialists in international health insurance, we understand that, living abroad; expatriates require comprehensive worldwide medical insurance. Our international travel medical insurance plans ensure you are not faced with large medical bills, and provide a valuable range of additional international healthcare services.

International travel health insurance and international assistance

2009-01-09T17:19:00.000+05:30

Whichever healthcare plan you select from Good health, you will benefit from access to our network of medical facilities worldwide.
We have regional offices in London, Dubai, Hong Kong, Miami, Shanghai and Jakarta, with staff speaking several languages. They deliver expert advice and provide an enhanced local policy administration and claims support service using their extensive international medical knowledge
Our emergency evacuation benefit ensures that if the required treatment is not available at the place of incident you will be immediately transported to an appropriate facility.
Our online Global Health Data Bank enables you to search for medical and health resources worldwide through access to a comprehensive directory of international medical and hospital facilities.
An international health insurance policy from Good health gives the expatriate total peace of mind through comprehensive medical expenses cover and a wide range of additional supporting services.

Auto of my world

2009-01-09T07:48:00.000+05:30

Autos of this days are very slow and make so much pollution of sound as well as air.Although we came so far with many other new tech world (from a bacterial cell reader to ability of man to rich and study about cosmology.) but till now it is running under same petrol and making gas of backwardness ,so we are too slow in our progress. But I have designed a new world of auto for speed,and new height with out using fuel except electricity. (It is LL1M engine, a Jet engine for bikes.)

An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle with one or more electric motors for propulsion. This is also referred to as an electric drive vehicle.The motion may be provided either by wheels or propellers driven by rotary motors, or in the case of tracked vehicles, by linear motors.
Unlike an internal combustion engine (ICE) that is tuned to specifically operate with a particular fuel such as gasoline, diesel or natural gas, an electric drive vehicle needs electricity, which comes from sources such as batteries or a generator. This flexibility allows the drive train of the vehicle to remain the same, while the energy source can be changed.
The electricity used to propel the vehicle may be provided in many different ways; it can come from any energy source, fossil fuels, nuclear power,and renewables (tidal power, solar, wind etc) and can either be supplied to the vehicle continuously as it is used or stored in the vehicle in some way, such as batteries, supercapacitors or fuel cells.
Electric vehicles can include electric cars, electric trains, electric airplanes, electric boats, and electric motorcycles and scooters even electric spacecraft.

My Engine completely Made By Electricity OR (L.L1.M Engine)

2009-01-09T06:49:00.000+05:30

My Engine completely Made By Electricity OR (L.L1.M Engine)

In my engine also there are different steps and cycles and in the same stages as carnot engine but works by totally different laws i.e, effect of A.C (current), Faraday's law, Columb's law.
1step, when current is passed(circuit closed) in L.L1 electromagnet( where L= inductance and L1=electromagnet) A.C passes firstly through L which decreases the frequency of A.C and then passes through through L1 which makes an A.C electromagnet changing it's pole direction 50-30 times per second which is attracted and repailed by the Permanent magnet kept in the top in place of combustion chamber in it's fixed pole direction. And hence works same as carnot engine but much more faster then carnot engine. Since a permanent magnet is used in it I had used M in LL1M engine.

Advantages Of Electrical Auto World [mine]

2009-01-08T08:07:00.000+05:30

There is much more advantages of my new world of auto, in different aspects such as; in insurance ,in fuel energy ,in increasing energy crisis ,in pollution control , and at last but not the least (cheap) less price.
*. Mechanical
Electric motors are mechanically very simple.
Electric motors often achieve 90% energy conversion efficiency[29] over the full range of speeds and power output and can be precisely controlled. They can also be combined with regenerative braking systems that have the ability to convert movement energy back into stored electricity. This can be used to reduce the wear on brake systems (and consequent brake pad dust) and reduce the total energy requirement of a trip. Regenerative braking is especially effective for start-and-stop city use.
They can be finely controlled and provide high torque from rest, unlike internal combustion engines, and do not need multiple gears to match power curves. This removes the need for gearboxes and torque converters.
Electric vehicles have less vibration than internal combustion engines.

*. Environmental
Electric vehicle release almost no air pollutants at the place where they are operated. In addition, it is generally easier to build pollution control systems into centralised power stations than retrofit enormous numbers of cars.
Another advantage is that electric vehicles typically have less noise pollution than a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, whether it is at rest or in motion.

*. Energy resilience
Electricity is a form of energy that remains within the continent where it was produced and can be multi-sourced. As a result it gives the greatest degree of energy resilience [30].

*. Cost of recharge
The GM Volt will cost "less than purchasing a cup of your favorite coffee" to recharge. The Volt should cost less than 2 cents per mile to drive on electricity, compared with 12 cents a mile on gasoline at a price of $3.60 a gallon. This means a trip from Los Angeles to New York would cost $56 on electricity, and $336 with gasoline. This would be the equivalent to paying 60 cents a gallon of gas.

*. Stabilisation of the grid
There is potential to allow battery powered electric vehicles to enhance electric grid response by feeding electricity into the grid during peak air conditioning times (mid-afternoon) while allowing sufficient charge for expected evening use as determined by the vehicle's predicted use profile.
Furthermore, our current electricity infrastructure will most likely have to cope with increasing shares of variable-output power sources such as windmills and PV solar panels. This variability could to some extent be compensated for by, in real time, adjusting the speed at which EV batteries are charged, or possibly even discharged in the future.
Some concepts see battery exchange and hence battery charging station, much like petrol stations today. Clearly these will enormous storage and charging potentials, which can be manipulate to vary rate of charging, and to output power during shortage periods, much as diesel generators are used for short periods to stabilise the UK and other national Grids.

*. Savings of liquid fossil fuel
Any shift from private to public transport (diesel bus, trolley bus or tram) makes a huge gain in efficiency in terms of individual miles per kWh, but research shows people don't want to give up cars for diesel buses - perceived as low class and low status.
But research shows people do prefer tramsbecause they are quieter and more comfortable and perceived as having higher status.
People appreciate the way traffic has to part when a tram comes, meaning they can move around cities much more swiftly than in diesel buses or trolley buses.
Therefore the key to cutting liquid fossil fuel consumption in cities is the provision of electric trams.
It turns out that trams are the most energy efficient form of public transport, with rubber wheeled vehicles using 2/3 more energy tnat the equivalent tram, and can run on electricity rather than imported fossil fuels. The electricity can come from renewable sources.
In terms of NPV, they are also the cheapest - Blackpool trams are still running after 100 years, but buses only last about .

*. In Insurance; it is so clear that if the vehicle is cheap and safe then it will easy to do insurance. And my all design are full proof and safe for insurance.

*.In Fuel Crisis; Since i had used only and only electricity in my each design of different bikes, car, bus,trains,jet and planes.

*.In decreasing energy crisis; of present world, my each design had topped the competition.That is each design is made so minutely that it consumes the least power and uses only alternative source of energy (i.e, electricity).

*.In Pollution control; We know that our world till from World-war 2 Pollution is increasing in order with the multiplication of a bacteria, because the world in the name of development has only gave the human beings a pollution giving autos, which causes different diseases like asthma, lungs problem, skins problem,etc. But my each auto has a such design that it doesn't produces any types of harmful gases and any other harmful elements for living being in environment.

*.Least price;

In my design the things I had used are magnets soft magnet(hydromagnetic substance), superconducting electromagnet, a 12Volt A.C battery. So it clearly shows that there is no any danger of pollution, electric shock,etc.
And the interesting thing is that my engine is much more faster and efficient and produces more energy than that of a canot's engine with same shape and size.

About Electric Vehicles

2009-01-07T08:36:00.000+05:30

Energy sources:Although electric vehicles have few direct emissions, all rely on energy created through electricity generation, emit pollution and generate waste, unless it is generated by renewable source power plants. Since electric vehicles use whatever electricity is delivered by their electrical utility/grid operator, electric vehicles can be made more efficient or less polluting by modify the electrical generating stations. This would be done by an electrical utility under a government energy policy, in a timescale negotiated between utilities and government. Fossil fuel vehicle efficiency and pollution standards take years to filter through a nation's fleet of vehicles. New efficiency and pollution standards rely on the purchase of new vehicles, often as current vehicles already on the road reach their end-of-life. Only a few nations set a retirement age for old vehicles, such as Japan or Singapore, forcing periodic upgrading of all vehicles already on the road. Electric vehicles will take advantage of whatever environmental gains happen when a renewable energy generation station comes online, a fossil fuel station is decommissioned or upgraded. Conversely, if government policy or economic conditions shifts generators back to use more polluting fossil fuels and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), or more inefficient sources, the reverse can happen. Even in such a situation, electrical vehicles are still more efficient than a comparable amount of fossil fuel vehicles. In areas with a deregulated electrical energy market, an electrical vehicle owner can choose whether to run his electrical vehicle off conventional electrical energy sources, or strictly from renewable electrical energy sources (presumably at an additional cost), and switch at any time between the two.
Efficiency : Because of the different methods of charging possible, the emissions produced have been quantified in different ways. Plug-in EV and hybrids also have different consumption characteristics.
Electromagnetic radiation :Electromagnetic radiation from high performance electrical motors has been claimed to be associated with some human ailments, but such claims are largely unsubstantiated except for extremely high exposures. Electric motors can be shielded within a metallic Faraday's cage, but this reduces efficiency by adding weight to the vehicle, while it is not conclusive that all electromagnetic radiation can be contained.
Capacity:If a large proportion of private vehicles were to convert to grid electricity it would increase the demand for generation and transmission, and consequent emissions. However, overall energy consumption and emissions would diminish because of the higher efficiency of electric vehicles over the entire cycle. In the USA it has been estimated there is already nearly sufficient existing power plant and transmission infrastructure, assuming that most charging would occur overnight, using the most efficient off-peak base load sources.

Nissan Cube Electric Vehicle Prototype

2009-01-06T08:22:00.000+05:30

By David Booth, National Post Detroit• Were this just Nissan’s beginning of a comprehensive electric vehicle program that includes various types of hybrids and Chevy Volt-like extended-range electric vehicles as well as the pure electric vehicle (EV) that is being shown here in suburban Detroit, I would stand up and applaud — the prototype Cube EV I drove around a parking lot is absolutely brilliant. Though Nissan provided few specifics — the manufacturer of the prototype’s electric motor is not divulged, and even its 80-kilowatt output is open to conjecture — the Cube EV is an impressive piece of kit, pointing to just how close the automaker really is to selling a mass-produced electric vehicle. Compared with other EVs, the Cube prototype is a model of sophistication. For one thing, the power delivery is linear, with none of the fits and burps of some of the less developed electric cars I’ve driven. The Cube EV is also astonishingly quiet, naturally devoid of the various valves and piston clattering of the traditional internal combustion engine, but also of the high-pitched whine that has been present in varying degrees in every other electric car I’ve tested. Not only is the engine impressive, but so are the ancillaries. For instance, release the “gas” pedal and the Cube EV slows appropriately, just like a traditional car. That might not sound like much, but the Mini E felt like somebody had clamped on the binders and thrown out an anchor every time I so much as let up on the throttle. Similarly, the Cube EVs braking system, which regenerates some of its stopping force into electrical energy to recharge the batteries, feels completely conventional rather than the abrupt step in braking power that usually accompanies an electric car’s — as well as many early hybrids — regenerative braking system. Indeed, in virtually every tangible performance criteria, the Cube EV seems ready for prime time. Nissan sees a launch date for a similarly powered vehicle sometime in 2010.But, I started this review with a “were,” and that stems from Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn’s contention that electric cars will represent 10% of the worldwide market for cars by the end of the next decade. What’s most interesting about his statement is that he pointedly says that the percentage does not include hybrids — mild or otherwise — or extended range electric cars such as the Chevy Volt — Ghosn envisages that 10% of the worldwide market for cars will be pure EVs .The problem is the limited range of all the electric vehicles currently being developed. Nissan, for instance, claims its EV will be good enough for 160 kilometers. Put aside for the moment that this range claim is under optimum conditions, with outside temperatures being such that neither air conditioning nor heating (both of which, in their extreme, could reduce the EVs effective range by about 25%, says one engineer). The real problem is that recharging all those spent electrons will require anywhere from eight hours (using a basic 120-volt system) to 25 minutes for a top-of-the-line, 480-volt charging station. It’s these charging stations that Larry Dominique, Nissan North America’s vice-president of product and advanced planning and strategy, sees as refueling the electric Nissan should one want to drive to Montreal from Toronto. Dominique sees owners stopping every 160 km or so for 25 minutes to “charge up and maybe grab a quick bite of lunch.” Never mind the obvious problem that Nissan owners will quickly get fat if they are cowing down on rest station food every 90 minutes, but that a vast preponderance of motorists will quickly get tired of half-hour refueling stops that used to take but a minute or two at the gas pumps. In fairness, Nissan sees its EV as a city vehicle for families with more than one car and a willingness to plan their day so that the electric car’s range is not a liability. In those cases, Dominique says, the EV has distinct advantages. According to Nissan, its EV will cost about one third to fuel as a typical compact sedan, at least if gas prices were to return to the $1-a-litre level that was so frightening last year. In any event, Dominique says the future Nissan EV will maintain its advantage as long as gas remains above US$1.10 per American gallon (3.8 liters).Then there’s the absence of tailpipe emissions, which is what prompted all this electrification in the first place. An electric car dispenses with all noxious emissions as well as those pesky greenhouse gases. Even accounting for the fact that 50% of the United States’ electrical energy comes from coal-fired plants, Dominique states that a Nissan EV would reduce CO2 emissions by half when compared with a conventional automobile. All of this would deserve unanimous felicitations and approval if Ghosn were not so flagrantly optimistic that we spoiled North Americans will embrace a technology with so many inconveniences. The Nissan EVs performance is laudable and its goals enviable, but I think that Nissan — or at least the company’s boss — vastly exaggerates its impact.

The New Updated Knowledge About Different Engines

2009-01-05T08:08:00.000+05:30

Carnot's Engine;
In carnot's engine first thing to know is about Pistons and then crankshaft,combustion chamber, igniter, and then structure of whole engine.A Carnot heat engine is a hypothetical engine that operates on the reversible. The basic model for this engine was developed in 1824. The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded in 1834 and mathematically elaborated which the concept of emerged.
Every thermodynamic system exists in a particular state. A thermodynamic cycle occurs when a systemis taken through a series of different states, and finally returned to its initial state. In the process of going through this cycle, the system may perform work on its surroundings, thereby acting as a heat engine.

A heat engine acts by transferring energy from a warm region to a cool region of space and, in the process, converting some of that energy to mechinical works. The cycle may also be reversed. The system may be worked upon by an external force, and in the process, it can transfer thermal energy from a cooler system to a warmer one, thereby acting as a heat pump rather than a heat engine.

Although Carnot's cycle is an idealisation, the expression of Carnot efficiency is still useful. Consider the average temperatures,

at which heat is input and output, respectively. Replace T_H and T_C in Equation (1) by T_H and T_C respectively.

For the Carnot cycle, or an equivalent, T_His the highest temperature available and T_C the lowest. For other less efficient cycles, T_H will be lower than T_H , and T_C will be higher than T_C. This can help illustrate, for example, why a reheated or a re generator can improve thermal efficiency.

About Cells

2009-01-03T08:13:00.000+05:30

Lead-acid: Traditionally, most EVs have used lead-acid batteries due to their mature technology, high availability, and low cost (exception: some early EVs, such as the Detroit Electric, used nickel-iron.) Like all batteries, these have an environmental impact through their construction, use, disposal or recycling. On the upside, vehicle battery recycling rates top 95% in the United States. Deep-cycle lead batteries are expensive and have a shorter life than the vehicle itself, typically needing replacement every 3 years. Lead-acid batteries in EV applications end up being a significant (25%-50%) portion of the final vehicle mass. Like all batteries, they have significantly lower energy density than petroleum fuels—in this case, 30-40Wh/kg. While the difference isn't as extreme as it first appears due to the lighter drive-train in an EV, even the best batteries tend to lead to higher masses when applied to vehicles with a normal range. The efficiency (70-75%) and storage capacity of the current generation of common deep cycle lead acid batteries decreases with lower temperatures, and diverting power to run a heating coil reduces efficiency and range by up to 40%[citation needed]. Recent advances in battery efficiency, capacity, materials, safety, toxicity and durability are likely to allow these superior characteristics to be applied in car-sized EVs. Charging and operation of batteries typically results in the emission of hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur, which are naturally occurring and normally harmless if properly vented. Early City car owners discovered that, if not vented properly, unpleasant sulfur smells would leak into the cabin immediately after charging. Lead-acid batteries have been re-engineered by Firefly Energy, increasing longevity, slightly increasing energy density, and significantly increasing power density. Firefly is expected market lightweight vehicle batteries, either directly or through manufacturing partners in 2008. Lead-acid batteries powered such early-modern EVs as the original versions of the EV1 and the RAV4EV.
Nickel metal hydride: Nickel-metal hydride batteries are now considered a relatively mature technology. While less efficient (60-70%) in charging and discharging than even lead-acid, they boast an energy density of 30-80Wh/kg, far higher than lead-acid. When used properly, nickel-metal hydride batteries can have exceptionally long lives, as has been demonstrated in their use in hybrid cars and surviving NiMH RAV4EVs that still operate well after 100,000 miles (160,000 km) and over a decade of service. Downsides include the poor efficiency, high self-discharge, very finicky charge cycles, and poor performance in cold weather. GM Ovonic produced the NiMH battery used in the second generation EV-1, and Cobasys makes a nearly identical battery (ten 1.2V 85Ah NiMH cells in series in contrast with eleven cells for ovonic battery). This worked very well in the EV-1. Patent encumbrance has limited the use of these batteries in recent years.
Zebra: The sodium or "zebra" battery uses molten chloroaluminate (NaAlCl4) sodium as the electrolyte. This chemistry is also occasionally referred to as "hot salt". A relatively mature technology, the Zebra battery boasts an energy density of 120Wh/kg and reasonable series resistance. Since the battery must be heated for use, cold weather doesn't strongly affect its operation except for in increasing heating costs. They have been used in several EVs. Zebras can last for a few thousand charge cycles and are nontoxic. The downsides to the Zebra battery include poor power density (<300>Lithium ion Lithium-ion (and similar lithium polymer) batteries, widely known through their use in laptops and consumer electronics, dominate the most recent group of EVs in development. The traditional lithium-ion chemistry involves a lithium cobalt oxide cathode and a graphite anode. This yields cells with an impressive 200+wh/kg energy density and good power density, and 80 to 90% charge/discharge efficiency. The downsides of traditional lithium-ion batteries include short cycle life’s (hundreds to a few thousand charge cycles) and significant degradation with age. The cathode is also somewhat toxic. Also, traditional lithium-ion batteries can pose a fire safety risk if punctured or charged improperly. The maturity of this technology is moderate. The Tesla Roadster uses "blades" of traditional lithium-ion "laptop battery" cells that can be replaced individually as needed. Most other EVs are utilizing new variations on lithium-ion chemistry that sacrifice energy density to provide extreme power density, fire resistance, environmental friendliness, very rapid charges (as low as a few minutes), and very long lifespan. These variants (phosphates, titanates, spinals, etc) have been shown to have a much longer lifetime, with A123 expecting their lithium iron phosphate batteries to last for at least 10+ years and 7000+ charge cycles, and LG Chem. expecting their lithium-manganese spiel batteries to last up to 40 years. Much work is being done on lithium ion batteries in the lab. Lithium vanadium oxide has already made its way into the Subaru prototype G4e, doubling energy density. Silicon Nan wires, silicon nanoparticles, and tin nanoparticles promise several times the energy density in the anode, while composite and superlattice cathodes also promise significant density improvements. In 2009 Mitsubishi (i-MiEV) and Subaru (Stella) introduced electric vehicles offered for fleet then public sale.
Charging stations: Electric vehicles typically charge from either outlets or dedicated charging stations, a process that typically takes hours. One proposed solution is "rapid charging", such as the Aerovironment PosiCharge line (up to 250 kW) and the Norvik Minit Charge line (up to 300 kW). Ecotality is a manufacturer of Charging Stations and has partnered with Nissan on several installations. Battery replacement is also proposed as an alternative, although no OEM's including Nissan/Renault has any production vehicle plans. Swapping requires standardization across platforms, models and manufacturers. Swapping also requires many times more battery packs to be in the system. In spite of these obvious engineering and economic obstacles, Project Better Place has reportedly gained commitments of several hundred million dollars to build several electric vehicle networks of charging and battery replacement stations. The leader in the establishing the charging infrastructure is Coulomb Technologies which has deployed hundreds of stations and only requires a 30 day lead time to install a station. One type of battery "replacement" proposed is much simpler: while the latest generation of vanadium redox battery only has an energy density similar to lead-acid, the charge is stored solely in a vanadium-based electrolyte, which can be pumped out and replaced with charged fluid. The vanadium battery system is also a potential candidate for intermediate energy storage in quick charging stations because of its high power density and extremely good endurance in daily use. System cost however, is still prohibitive. As vanadium battery systems are estimated to range $350–$600 per kWh, a battery that can service one hundred customers in a 24 hour period at 50 kWh per charge would cost $1.8-$3 million.

The Different Things I Found Wrong In Books

2009-01-02T08:59:00.000+05:30

There are different things I have found wrong in books and a very wrong concept that students follows.
In books we can see the definition of weightlessness and condition for weightlessness.
we know that when a body is in rest the normal reaction(N) is equal to the weight(mg) of the body.When body is in upward motion N>mg so it moves up. When a body is in downward motion normal reaction is less then weight of the body.

Now we know that,
f=ma
(where m is mass of a body which is constant and can never be changed
a is acceleration due to gravity or simply acceleration which is not constant
and f is force or simply a weight of that body)
Now, According to my knowledge when a body is rest in air or in a air its F or mg is fully balanced by N and hence the bodies acceleration is zero that time i.e, a=o m/s2.

which means
F=m*a
or,F=zero , since its acceleration is zero.
Which mean that when a body is in rest with relative to another body.
But in books it is written that body feels weightlessness during free fall, Which is wrong.

There are many more question in my mind which are giving problem to me. So please if you know answer of any of this question then then you can answer it in comment box.(You can win different prizes)

Q.1, When a light wave enters inside the atmosphere of a black-hole, does it's wave length increases?(since, Velocity=wave length/time)

Q.2, How to make a electromagnet stronger?